Pathophysiology • Cardiac rhythms arise from , with heart rate of <60 bpm Presentation • Usually asymptomatic ECG • P wave in lead II: inverted / • Regular rhythm• Narrow QRS complex • Ventricular rate 45 – 60 bpm References Junctional bradycardia is a potential risk factor of stroke Junctional rhythms ECG review
Cardiac Arrest Algorithm Related Posts ACLS BLS References Guidelines for CPR and Emergency Cardiovascular Care (ECC) 2020
Introduction Dose 1.5 MU diluted in 100 mL normal saline, given over 1 hour Notes: Make sure no bubble in the solution Contraindications Notes • Streptokinase should not be given again between 3 days – 12 months after initial treatment with streptokinase • Streptokinase is antigenic; it’s is a bacterial product which promotes production of […]
General Hb and Haematocrit The ratio of haemoglobin to haematocrit in healthy people is typically three to one. Example:So, if haematorcrit is 36, estimated Hb is 12// If Hb is 12, estimated haematocrit is 36 Reference: https://www.omnicalculator.com/health/hct-hgb#:~:text=The%20ratio%20of%20hematocrit%20to,by%20dividing%20it%20by%203. Paediatrics White cell Count• Newborn: 9 – 30 ×109/L• <2 years: 6.2 – 17×109/L• > 2 years: 5 […]
Severity of Dehydration Other signs of dehydration • Sunken fontanelle• Dry mucous membrane Severity of Shock
History Taking Fitting Pre-ictal• ? Ictal• What are the ?• of seizure? • What did the care taker do to stop the seizure? Seizure aborted spontaneously?• How many ? Post-ictal• How was patient’s condition ? Other history • Any documented temperature?• ? Was was the last meal?• Reduced urine output?• Active? • Any ? • […]
Clinical Features Symptom • Calf pain & swelling, usually unilateral Physical examination • Calf tenderness, oedema, or redness Investigations Blood • D-dimer Venous Ultrasonography • 2-point compression testing Related Posts Pulmonary embolism
Normal Value Causes of Increased D-Dimer • Thromboembolism• Sepsis (organ dysfunction → raised D-dimer)etc. Sensitivity / Specificity Sensitivity / specificity in thromboembolism:• Sensitivity: >95%• Specificity: 61 – 64%• Negative predictive values: 99% Thus,• Positive D-Dimer alone cannot diagnose VTE • Negative D-Dimer can exclude VTE Reference The Sensitivity and Specificity of a Red Blood Cell […]
Causes of Raised Lactate Level Some common causes: • Sepsis• MDI / Nebulizer • Serum Lactate in Sepsis • Prognostication / Indicator of severity — In sepsis, serum lactate level correlates with Related Posts Q&A Reference
Definition / Introduction 📌 Sepsis = life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by dysregulated host response to infection 📌 Septic shock= sepsis that has circulatory, cellular and metabolic abnormalities that are associated with a greater risk of mortality than sepsis alone 📌 Hypoperfusion= ≥1 of the following after administration of ≥30 mL/kg IV fluid OR serum lactate […]