Poisoning

Sympathomimetics

Opioids

Cholinergics

Anticholinergics

Examples

Cocaine, amphetamine, adrenaline

Oxybutynin, Ipratropium, atropine, anti-depressant, anti-psychotics

Heart rate

Increases

Decreases

Decreases

Increases

Blood pressure

Decreases

Increases

Respiratory rate

Increases

Decreases

No change

No change

Temperature

Decreases

Increases

Pupil size

Increases

Decreases

Decreases

Increases

Bowel movement

Decreases

Decreases

Increases

Decreases

Sweating

Increases

Decreases

Increases

Decreases

Others

• Agitation
• Seizure

• Sedation / coma
• Urinary retention

• Lacrimation
• Salivation
• Urination
• Lethargy
• Vomiting
• Bronchospasm

• Seizure
• Hallucination
• Urinary retention

Notes

• Increased bowel movement → diarrhoea
• Reduced bowel movement → constipation
• Reduced pupil size = miosis (constricted pupil)
• Increased pupil size = mydriasis (dilated pupil)