“Hypotension is always pathological until proven otherwise” Causes of Hypotension • Causes of Shock Diagnosis of :• Medications e.g. , =====💡 Notes• For example, if SBP suddenly becomes <100 mmHg, you should look for causes of shock first, prior to considering other causes Postural Hypotension DefinitionA fall of >15 mmHg in SBP // a fall […]
Physical Examination • Check for between right and left side • Check for radio-radial delay
“Doktor, patient ini GCS drop!!” Differential Diagnosis • Hypoglycaemia• Electrolyte imbalance (e.g. hyponatraemia)• Acute stroke – ischaemic / haemorrhagic• Acute myocardial infarction• Pulmonary embolism• Shock, secondary to primary cause History Taking Some history to ask if you are first time seeing this patient • When was patient last well condition?• Patient currently admitted for what?• […]
“Abdominal pain — medical causes / surgical causes / O&G causes” History Taking Site: Ask patient to use one finger to point to the most painful region of the abdomen Differential Diagnosis O&G causes of abdominal pain • Ruptured ectopic pregnancy• Ruptured ovarian cyst • Endometriosis • Endometritis / Pelvic inflammatory disease / Tubo-ovarian abscess […]
Triaging in ED Primary triage • ? • The child is in / shock / life-threatening condition?• or non-infectious condition? =====💡 One the most important things at triage level is to determine whether the child is stable Differential Diagnoses Some common causes: Infectious:• Hand, foot and mouth disease • Measles• Herpes simplex virus infection • […]
ACS evaluations account for 10 – 20% of chest pain in ED. Therefore, when patients present with chest pain, it must be clerked properly! SOCRATES • S: retrosternal / localized pain / left or right sided • O: does the pain start?• C: pressure / sharp • R: jaw / left shoulder / arms • […]
Bristol Stool Chart