Toxidrome Toxidrome mnemonic Antidotes Toxins That Can Be Dialysed Mnemonic: I STUMBLED • Isopropyl alcohol // Isopropanol• Salicylate• Theophylline• Uraemia• Methanol• Barbiturates • Lithium / Laxatives• Ethylene glycol• Dabigatran Q&A References https://www.grepmed.com/images/11579/mnemonic-hemodialysis-nephrology-istumbled-removed
Interpretation of Renal Profile • Basic Interpretation of Renal Profile by Dr Rafidah Abdullah (Consultant Nephrologist) [open] Paediatrics Potassium• Birth – 2 weeks: 3.7 – 6.0 mmol/L• 2 weeks – 3 months: 3.7 – 5.7 mmol/L• ≥3 months: 3.5 – 5.0 mmol/LSource: Paediatric Protocol 4th Ed, page 32
Introduction Brand name Panadol (tablet); Perfalgan (IV) Mechanism of action / Effects • Analgesic effect • Antipyretic effect • Anti-inflammatory activity (weak) Route of administration • Oral ( / syrup) • IV• Rectal Pharmacokinetics Onset • Oral: <1 hour• IV: 5 – 10 minutes (analgesia); within 30 minutes (antipyretic) Peak of action • Oral: 30 […]
Complications • Mortality / Cardiac arrest • Ventricular tachycardia • Cardiac wall perforation • Pneumothorax • Infection Procedure • Parasternal approach is preferable, rather than apical approach Tips / Reminder • Ensure patient is on during pericardiocentesis Related Posts Cardiac tamponade Reference / Further Reading https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4613420/
Introduction A dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker Pharmacokinetics • Onset: • Duration of action: 24 hours Dose Related Posts Calcium channel blocker (CCB) References MIMS Malaysia
Introduction Normal bowel diameter — 3-6-9 rule• Small bowel <3 cm• Large bowel / Appendix <6 cm• Caecum <9 cm Common Findings Bowel dilatation High risk of rupture if:• Small bowel >6 cm• Large bowel >9 cm • Caecum >12 cm
Mean Arterial Blood Pressure (MAP) Target of MAP in different settings:• 40 mmHg in uncontrolled haemorrhage due to trauma• 90 mmHg in traumatic brain injury• >65 mmHg for other forms of shock Related Posts Hypotension
“Hypotension is always pathological until proven otherwise” Causes of Hypotension • Causes of Shock Diagnosis of :• Medications e.g. , =====💡 Notes• For example, if SBP suddenly becomes <100 mmHg, you should look for causes of shock first, prior to considering other causes Postural Hypotension DefinitionA fall of >15 mmHg in SBP // a fall […]
Physical Examination • Check for between right and left side • Check for radio-radial delay
“Aortic dissection is uncommon. However, if it occurs, the mortality rate is very high” Presentation • Always presents as a hypertensive emergency Clinical Features Signs • Different in BP at both arms [1], i.e. discrepancy of SBP >20 mmHg between both arms [2]• Radio-radial delay [1] References Atypical presentation of acute aortic dissection in a […]