Last Updated on December 4, 2022
Criteria by Barrter and Schwartz
- Decreased serum osmolality (<275 mOsm/kg)
- Increased urine osmolality (>100 mOsm/kg)
- Increased urine sodium (>20 mmol/L)
- Euvolaemia
- No other causes of hyponatraemia such as
- Diuretic use
- Hypothyroidism
- Cortisol deficiency
- Pseudohyponatraemia e.g. hyperproteinaemia, hyperlipidaemia, hyperglycaemia
Causes
- Infection e.g. pneumonia, Tuberculosis
- Malignancy e.g. small cell lung cancer, prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer
- Neurological causes e.g. meningitis, encephalitis, brain abscess, stroke, subarachnoid haemorrhage, subdural haemorrhage
- Medications e.g. SSRIs, carbamazepine, anti-psychotics